West Virginia Commercial Lease Requirements and Key Clauses
A guide to structuring commercial leases in West Virginia, including writing requirements, NNN leases, and essential clauses for landlord protection.
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Commercial leases in West Virginia are governed by freedom of contract principles. Virtually any term both parties agree to is enforceable, with few statutory restrictions.
Writing Requirements
Commercial leases of one year or longer must be in writing to be enforceable. Even for shorter terms, a written agreement is strongly recommended.
Essential Lease Clauses
Premises Description
A precise description including square footage, floor plan, and common area access.
Use Clause
Specifies permitted business activities. Exclusive-use clauses are common in retail settings to protect the landlord's tenant mix.
Rent and Escalation
Base rent, payment schedule, and escalation mechanism (fixed percentage, CPI, or FMV).
Assignment and Subletting
Most WV commercial leases require prior written consent for any assignment or subletting.
Insurance Requirements
Typically: commercial general liability, property insurance for tenant improvements, business interruption, and workers' compensation.
Default and Remedies
Define default triggers, notice requirements, cure periods, and remedies (termination, rent acceleration, re-entry, damages).
Holdover Provisions Specify
the holdover rent rate (commonly 150-200% of the last effective rent).
Tenant Improvements
Allocate build-out costs, specify ownership of improvements, and detail restoration obligations.
Mineral Rights Unique to WV:
the lease should address severed mineral rights (coal, oil, gas) and whether mining or drilling activities could affect the premises.
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