Victoria Bond (Security Deposit) Laws: Limits, RTBA, and Returns

Victoria's rental bond system is one of the most regulated in Australia, with bonds held by the independent Residential Tenancies Bond Authority (RTBA) rather than the landlord. Understanding these rules is essential for every rental provider operating in Victoria.

Bond Limits

| Property Type | Weekly Rent | Maximum Bond | ---|---|--- | Standard residential | $900 or less per week | 1 month's rent | Standard residential | More than $900 per week | No set maximum | Rooming house (fixed-term) | Any | 28 days' rent | Rooming house (periodic) | Any | 14 days' rent | Caravan park | Any | 1 month's rent | Residential park (site tenant) | $900 or less per week | 1 month's rent |

Key Rules

• Only one bond can be charged per tenancy agreement
• VCAT may approve a higher bond if the property has characteristics or fittings that warrant it
• Additional bonds can only be requested in limited circumstances:
• Long-term agreements (5+ years) after 5 years with 120 days' notice
• Renter-approved modifications that won't be restored at lease end
• Requesting an additional bond due to a rent increase is generally not permitted

RTBA Lodgement All residential bonds in Victoria must be lodged with the Residential Tenancies Bond Authority (RTBA):

• Bonds must be lodged within 10 business days of receipt
• The RTBA issues a receipt to both the renter and rental provider
• Bonds are held securely and cannot be accessed by either party without proper process
• The RTBA is a government authority, not a private entity

Prohibited Practices

• Landlords cannot hold bonds personally — they must go to the RTBA
• Bonds cannot be invested by the rental provider
• Bonds cannot be used as rent during the tenancy

Portable Rental Bond Scheme

Victoria has introduced a Portable Rental Bond Scheme to ease the financial burden of moving:

• The government guarantees the bond for the existing property when a renter relocates
• Reduces the need for renters to fund two bonds simultaneously
• Rental providers and agents have 3 days to provide evidence to support a bond claim under this scheme

Allowable Deductions

At the end of a tenancy, rental providers may claim deductions from the bond for:

1. Unpaid rent — any rent outstanding at the end of the tenancy
2. Damage beyond fair wear and tear — not normal deterioration from ordinary use
3. Cleaning — only if the property is not left in a reasonably clean condition compared to the condition report
4. Unpaid utility charges — if the renter was responsible

What Cannot Be Deducted

• Fair wear and tear — normal deterioration from everyday use (faded paint, worn carpet)

• Pre-existing damage — issues documented in the condition report
• Professional cleaning — unless the property was not left reasonably clean
• Modifications — landlord-approved changes that were agreed to remain

Bond Return Process

Agreement Between Parties

If both parties agree on the bond distribution:

1. Either party submits a Bond Claim Form to the RTBA
2. The other party has 14 days to dispute the claim
3. If no dispute, the RTBA releases the bond as claimed

Disputed Claims If parties cannot agree:

1. Either party can apply to VCAT for a determination
2. VCAT will review the condition reports, evidence of damage, and receipts
3. VCAT issues an order directing how the bond is to be distributed

Timeframe

• There is no fixed statutory return deadline — the process depends on agreement or VCAT determination
• Rental providers should process claims promptly after the renter vacates
• Delayed claims can weaken the rental provider's position at VCAT

Condition Reports Condition reports are critical to the bond process:

• A condition report must be completed at the start of every tenancy
• Two copies must be provided to the renter (paper or electronic)
• The renter has 3 business days to note any disagreements
• An end-of-tenancy condition report should compare the property against the original
• Photos and videos are strongly recommended

Best Practices for Rental Providers

1. Complete detailed condition reports — Include dated photos and video at move-in and move-out
2. Lodge bonds promptly — Within 10 business days to avoid penalties
3. Keep records — Receipts for any claimed damage repairs
4. Process claims quickly — Submit bond claims promptly after vacancy
5. Understand fair wear and tear — Know the difference between damage and normal use
6. Use the RTBA online portal — Streamlines lodgement and claims

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