Commercial Evictions in Brazil: Timeframes and Fast-Track Liminares

Evicting a business, factory, or shopping mall tenant in Brazil follows a much more pragmatic, business-focused rhythm than residential evictions. Because commercial ties do not involve fundamental human rights to "housing and shelter," judges are significantly more relaxed about issuing rapid removal orders against defaulting or unwanted corporations.

Disclaimer: This guide provides general legal information for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Commercial evictions—especially involving franchises or malls—carry immense financial risks. Always retain a corporate litigation attorney in Brazil. Information last verified: March 2026.

1. No-Fault Eviction (Denúncia Vazia Comercial)

The most powerful weapon a commercial landlord holds is the "unmotivated eviction" or denúncia vazia.

If a commercial lease naturally expires on its end date and the tenant did not legally qualify for or file a Renewal Action in time (see Commercial Leases), the landlord can immediately refuse to renew the contract.

The landlord must issue a formal judicial notification or certified letter demanding the keys. If the tenant remains in the property for 30 days after the exact lease expiration date without the landlord formally objecting, the lease automatically converts to a "month-to-month" (indefinite) term. Once month-to-month, the landlord only needs to provide a basic 30-day written notice for the business to completely vacate the premises. If the corporation ignores the 30-day deadline, the landlord files a straightforward eviction lawsuit.

2. Fast-Track Eviction Orders (15-Day Liminares)

If a corporation stops paying rent, Brazilian landlords do not have to wait years for a complex judicial trial to conclude, provided their contract is situated correctly.

Under Article 59, § 1, a judge can grant a devastating 15-day Fast-Track Eviction Injunction (Liminar de Despejo). The business is ordered to vacate in two weeks before fully presenting their defense. This is granted when:

• The Lease Lacks an Active Guarantee: If the commercial lease was signed with no security deposit and no guarantor, OR if the previous Bank Guarantee Letter expired/dissolved. The landlord must deposit a bond equivalent to 3 months' rent with the court to activate the injunction.
• Ignored 30-Day Notice: If the landlord issued a valid 30-day denúncia vazia notice upon lease expiration and the business simply refused to leave.

The Risks of Refusing a Renewal (Indemnity for Loss of Goodwill)

A massive trap for careless corporate landlords lies in attempting to evict a tenant who did qualify for the 5-Year Right to Renew (Ação Renovatória).

If a tenant built a successful brand at a specific physical location for 5 years, the landlord cannot simply evict them to rent to a higher-paying competitor. If the landlord wishes to defeat the tenant's Renewal Action and force the eviction anyway, they must generally claim a legally valid "exception," such as needing the property for massive structural public-works renovations or to transfer their own established existing business into the space.

The Danger: If the landlord uses an exception to evict the tenant, but functionally lies (e.g., they evict a successful bakery claiming they need the space for themselves, but a month later they rent it out to a rival bakery), the evicted tenant can sue for colossal Indemnification for Loss of Goodwill (Fundo de Comércio). The landlord can be condemned to pay the evicted business millions in damages representing their lost client base, moving expenses, and projected lost revenue.

Back to Brazil Landlord-Tenant Laws Overview.