England Commercial Late Fees & Interest on Overdue Rent
Review England's commercial late rent rules — no statutory cap, contractual interest rates, and the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act 1998.
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This content is for general informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon as such. Laws change frequently — always verify current regulations and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction for advice specific to your situation. Landager is a property management platform, not a law firm.Information last verified: May 2026.
England Commercial Late Fees
The residential Tenant Fees Act 2019 cap (interest at 3% above the Bank of England base rate, with a mandatory 14-day grace period) does not apply to commercial tenancies. Commercial landlords in England have broad freedom to impose late payment charges and default interest, subject to general contract law principles and specific statutory fallback provisions, most notably the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, which came into effect on 1 November 1998.
Contractual Interest Provisions
Most English commercial leases include a default interest clause specifying the rate of interest payable on overdue rent and other sums. Typical contractual rates range from 3% to 5% above the base rate of a major clearing bank (e.g., Barclays, NatWest, or the Bank of England).
The lease should clearly state:
- The interest rate and how it is calculated (simple or compound).
- When interest begins to accrue (typically from the due date, not after a grace period).
- Whether interest applies to all sums due under the lease (not just rent, but also service charges, insurance premiums, and costs).
The Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998
If the commercial lease does not contain a specific interest provision — or if the contractual rate is deemed by a court to be a "penalty" — the landlord can fall back on the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998.
Under this Act, the statutory interest rate for late commercial payments is 8% above the Bank of England base rate per annum. In addition, the creditor is entitled to claim fixed-sum compensation:
[!NOTE] The Act also allows the landlord to claim reasonable recovery costs incurred in chasing the debt (e.g., solicitor's letters, debt collection agency fees).
Penalty vs. Liquidated Damages
English courts will not enforce a contractual late fee that constitutes a penalty — i.e., a charge that is disproportionate to the landlord's legitimate interest in performance. However, the Supreme Court's decision in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Makdessi (2015) established a more lenient test: a clause will only be a penalty if it imposes a detriment "out of all proportion" to the landlord's legitimate interest.
In practice, commercial interest rates of 3-5% above base rate are almost universally upheld.
Sources & Official References
Frequently Asked Questions
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Read the complete guide▶What are the Section 21 eviction notice rules for landlords in England?
Section 21 'no-fault' evictions are abolished from 1 May 2026 under the Renters' Rights Act 2025. Landlords can serve Section 21 notices until 30 April 2026, and court proceedings based on those notices can continue until 31 July 2026. After that date, all new possession claims must use reformed Section 8 grounds, which require a legally specified reason such as rent arrears, landlord intends to sell, or landlord intends to move in.
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Read the complete guide▶What are the late rent fee rules for landlords in England?
Under the Tenant Fees Act 2019, landlords in England can only charge interest on late rent (not a flat fee) at a rate no higher than 3% above the Bank of England base rate. This interest can only be charged after rent has been outstanding for 14 days. Any other charges or penalties for late payment are prohibited as they constitute banned tenant fees under the Act.
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