Quebec Rent Increase Laws & TAL Calculation Details

Unlike jurisdictions with fixed statutory rent control caps, Quebec uses a unique, expense-based calculation method administered by the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) under the authority of the Civil Code of Québec. This means the legal rent increase for your property depends directly on its specific operating costs and improvements.

Does Quebec Have Rent Control?

Yes, but not in the form of a fixed flat percentage (like 2% or 5%). Quebec relies on a formula that evaluates specific building expenses to determine a "fair and reasonable" increase.

As of January 1, 2026, the TAL transitioned to a simplified formula using only 4 main indicators (including a 3-year CPI average) to establish reference percentages.

For the 2026–2027 lease renewal cycle (leases end between April 2, 2026, and April 1, 2027), the TAL has established a baseline adjustment of 3.1% for unheated dwellings. For dwellings where heating is included, the indices are:

• Electricity: 3.0%
• Gas: 4.0%
• Oil: 5.0%

Your legal increase might be higher or lower depending on your exact bills and building improvements.

How Rent Increases are Calculated

The legal increase is determined by the variation in your operating expenses over the past year. The TAL provides an official Calculation Tool that tallies:

1. Municipal / School Taxes
2. Insurance Premiums
3. Energy Costs (if heat/electricity is included in the rent)
4. Maintenance Costs
5. Major Repairs or Improvements: As of the 2026 regulatory update, the TAL applies a fixed 5% threshold for major capital expenditures (renovations). This allows landlords to increase the annual rent by 5% of the total cost of the work, effectively amortizing the investment over a 20-year period.

The Notice Process and Timelines

To raise rent, a landlord must send a formal, written "Notice of Rent Increase and Modification of Another Condition of the Lease."

Notice Deadlines (CCQ Art. 1942):

• Lease of 12 months or more: Between 3 and 6 months before the end of the term.
• Lease of less than 12 months: 1 to 2 months before the end of the term.
• Lease of a room: 10 to 20 days before the end of the term.

How Tenants Can Respond

Upon receiving the notice, the tenant has precisely one month to reply (CCQ Art. 1945). The tenant has three options:

1. Accept the increase: The lease is renewed under the new terms. If the tenant does not reply within one month, they are deemed to have agreed to the modification.
2. Refuse the increase, but choose to stay: The tenant objects to the amount but wishes to renew the lease.
3. Refuse and leave: The tenant gives notice that they will not renew the lease and will vacate on the specified end date.

What Happens if the Tenant Refuses (Option 2)?

If the tenant refuses the rent increase but stays, the landlord has one month from receiving the refusal to apply to the TAL to have the rent "fixed" (CCQ Art. 1947).

If the landlord fails to apply to the TAL within that month, the lease is renewed at the old rent and conditions.

If the landlord applies, a TAL judge will ask the landlord to submit their building expenses. The judge will use the TAL Calculation Tool to determine the strict legal increase and enforce it on both parties.

Exemptions for New Construction

Under Section F of the mandatory lease and Art. 1955 CCQ, a landlord is exempt from the TAL's rent-fixing rules (meaning the tenant cannot refuse the increase and must accept it or leave) if:

• The building was constructed 5 years ago or less.
• The building's use was changed to residential 5 years ago or less.

Bill 31 Disclosure Requirement: For any lease signed on or after February 21, 2024, the landlord must specify in Section F the maximum rent that may be imposed during the 5-year period following the date the building was ready for habitation. If the landlord fails to disclose this maximum rent, the tenant retains the right to have the rent fixed by the TAL, and the 5-year exemption is void.

How Landager Helps

Calculating rent increases and managing refusal deadlines is arguably the most complex administrative task for Quebec property managers. Landager's rent adjustment tools integrate the logic of the TAL's simplified 4-indicator calculation method with your recorded building expenses and automatically remind you to send notices within the 3-to-6-month legal window.

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